The Reload button in Chrome has three options. If you open the Chrome DevTools (F12) the three options are visible by holding down the “Reload this page” button.

Normal Reload
Windows keyboard shortcut: F5 or CTRL + R
Reloads the current page.
Hard Reload
Windows keyboard shortcut: CTRL + Shift + R
Reloads the current page but ignoring the cached content.
Empty Cache and Hard Reload
Windows keyboard shortcut: Not available
This option empties the entire Browser cache and not just the parts for the current page. Given the impact of this option it makes sense that there is no keyboard shortcut which might accidentally trigger this option.
Acknowledgements
Scott Hanselman’s keynote at NDC London 2019 where he first made me (and half the hall if the sounds of “ooooo’s” is anything to go by) of this functionality in Chrome
This answer from Stack Overflow. Accessed 23/05/2019
This answer from Stack Overflow. Accessed 24/05/2019